Approximately 70% of all bladder cancers are non-invasive bladder cancers (Ta, T1 or CIS), while the remaining 30% of bladder cancer patients have muscle invasive bladder cancers (T2 – T4).

The grade of tumour refers to how aggressive the cell is and how normal it looks under a microscope. The more the cancer cell appears like a normal cell, the more it will behave like one. The more normal a cancer cell looks, the lower its grade, whereas the more abnormal a cancer cell is, the higher its grade. There are 3 grades that further define risk in each stage:

Grade 1: Low Risk
Grade 2: Medium Risk
Grade 3: High Risk

Staging and Grading are used together and are used in order to determine the best treatment options.